Spherical agglomeration, also known as balling, is a pelletization technique whereby powders are transformed into spherical particles through the addition of a suitable amount of liquid or exposure to elevated temperatures, facilitated by a continuous rolling or tumbling motion. Spherical agglomeration can be classified into two categories: Liquid induced agglomeration and Melt induced agglomeration. Liquid-induced … Read more
This method entails the application of successive layers of a solution and/or suspension containing drug substances and binders onto starter seeds, which can consist of inert materials or crystals of granules of the same drug. In this method, drug particles and other components are either dissolved or suspended in the application medium. The droplets strike … Read more
This method entails the application of successive layers of drug powder, along with excipients or both, onto pre-formed nuclei or cores using a binding liquid. During the powder layering process, the binding solution and finely milled powder are introduced simultaneously to a bed of starter seeds at a predetermined controlled rate. In the initial phases, … Read more
Pelletization is a process of agglomeration that transforms a fine powder mixture of drug(s) and excipients into small, free-flowing, spherical entities known as ‘pellets’. The method is essential for creating pellets that are uniform in size, possess a high drug loading capacity, and also mitigate segregation and dust. Rationale for Pelletization The controlled release application … Read more
Dr. Dale Wurster at the University of Wisconsin pioneered the Wurster process in the 1950s. In recent years, this process has gained traction within the Indian pharmaceutical industry due to the burgeoning opportunities in the generic market. Almost all leading companies are now exploring particle coating using the Wurster method. Furthermore, this process can be … Read more
A capsule is characterized as a solid dosage form that contains medicinal agents in the form of ‘powder’, ‘pellets’, ‘liquid pastes’, or ‘tablets’ enclosed within a hard or soft soluble shell. The shells are typically made from gelatine. Capsules are considered an oral drug delivery system that offers a dosage form that is nearly tasteless … Read more
Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) refers to the branch of spectroscopy that focuses on the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, which consists of light characterized by longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than those of visible light. This field encompasses a variety of techniques, primarily centered around absorption spectroscopy. Capabilities of Infrared Analysis Applications of Infrared … Read more
The information provided above (including the procedure page) may give the impression that TLC is a relatively simple procedure. However, consider the experience of conducting a TLC for the first time, where one might observe spots scattered throughout and blurred, streaked areas. Like any technique, improvement comes with practice. Below are examples of typical issues … Read more
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a technique utilized in chromatography for the separation of mixtures. This process is conducted on a substrate made of glass, plastic, or aluminum foil, which is covered with a thin layer of adsorbent material, typically silica gel, aluminum oxide, or cellulose (blotter paper). The adsorbent layer is referred to as … Read more
What is a Material Safety Data Sheet, commonly referred to as MSDS? A material safety data sheet (MSDS) is a documented resource that supplies users and emergency responders with essential information and procedures for the safe handling and use of chemicals. MSDSs have existed in various forms since the era of the ancient Egyptians. While … Read more
